The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) — the specialised World Bank Group tribunal for resolving investment disputes between states and investors — published its Annual Report 2025 in March 2026.
ICSID registered 78 new cases, of which 30 cases (38%) related to investments in the renewable energy sector — photovoltaic projects, wind farms, hydropower installations, and investments in batteries and hydrogen infrastructure.
Geographic context
- Latin America — 41% of new cases (energy transition in Mexico, Chile, Colombia)
- Europe — 28% (particularly disputes under the Energy Charter Treaty — ECT — even after ratification of its modernisation)
- Asia and Pacific — 17%
- Africa and the Middle East — 14%
Most frequent legal bases
- Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) — 52%
- Multilateral treaties including CETA, ECT and USMCA — 33%
- Domestic investment legislation — 15%
Investor-state disputes in the energy sector continue to grow at approximately 8% annually — a reflection of the rapid energy transition, but also of regulatory interventions and changes to subsidy regimes in more than 40 jurisdictions.
Source: ICSID Annual Report 2025